The IOC ruling stated that reanalysis of Carter’s samples taken at the Games had tested positive for banned substance methylhexaneamine.
As a result, the whole of the Jamaican men’s 4x100m team has been disqualified, and “the corresponding medals, medallist pins and diplomas are withdrawn and shall be returned [by the athletes].”
It means that Bolt’s much-lauded ‘triple-triple’ of three gold medals won at each of the last three Games – Beijing, London, and Rio – is no longer valid.
Along with Bolt and Carter, Jamaican team members in the final Asafa Powell and Michael Frater will also be stripped of their medals.
It was first reported that Carter might have failed a “B” sample test in June 2016.
Back then, the Jamaica Olympic Association (JOA) released a statement saying it had been notified by the IOC that a positive test had been returned, but the athlete wasn’t named.
Following the news in June, Bolt told Reuters: “It’s heartbreaking (the positive test) because over the years you’ve worked hard to accumulate gold medals and work hard to be a champion… but it’s just one of those things.
“Things happen in life, so when it’s confirmed or whatever, if I need to give back my gold medal I’d have to give it back, it’s not a problem for me.”
The Trinidad & Tobago team will now be awarded gold medals, while Japan will be upgraded to silver, and Brazil to bronze.
The latest IOC ruling also covered Russian long and triple-jump athlete Tatiana Lebedeva, who was retroactively disqualified from the Beijing Games, where she won two silver medals, after reanalysis of samples “resulted in a positive test for the prohibited substance dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (turinabol).”
Lebedeva was stripped of both silver medals as a result.
The IOC conducted 1,243 retests of samples from the Beijing and London Olympics Games, with 98 results returning positive for doping.
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